📖 Glossary
Essential project management terms in English and Arabic.
معايير القبول Acceptance Criteria
Specific conditions for one story that show when it works the way the user needs.
رشيق Agile
An approach based on short cycles, frequent delivery, and adapting to change.
أفضل بديل لاتفاق تفاوضي BATNA
Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement: what you will do if no deal is reached, which tells you when to accept or walk away.
خط الأساس Baseline
The approved version of a plan (scope, schedule, or cost) used to measure performance.
خطة إدارة المنافع Benefits Management Plan
A plan setting out the target benefits, who realizes them, and when and how they are measured, even after the project ends.
دراسة الجدوى Business Case
A document that justifies a project by weighing its cost and risk against its expected benefits.
مجلس التحكم في التغيير Change Control Board (CCB)
A group authorized to review change requests and approve, reject, or defer them.
طلب تغيير Change Request
A formal proposal to modify any part of the project, assessed for impact before approval.
التوجيه Coaching
Helping a person improve their performance toward a specific goal, often by asking questions rather than giving answers.
خطة إدارة التواصل Communications Management Plan
Defines who needs what information, when, through which channel, and who delivers it.
الامتثال Compliance
Meeting all applicable laws, regulations, safety and data-protection rules, and internal policies.
إدارة التهيئة Configuration Management
Controlling versions of documents and products so there is one known approved version, with a record of every change.
إدارة النزاعات Conflict Management
Handling disagreements constructively, usually preferring collaboration and problem-solving.
المسار الحرج Critical Path
The longest sequence of dependent activities; it sets the shortest possible project duration.
تعريف الإنجاز Definition of Done (DoD)
A shared quality checklist every story must meet before it counts as done.
مُخرَج Deliverable
Any verifiable product or result that must be produced to complete part of a project.
البيئة والمجتمع والحوكمة ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance)
A framework for judging an organization's and its projects' impact on the environment and society, and the integrity of its governance.
القيمة المكتسبة Earned Value (EV)
The budgeted value of the work actually completed, compared with planned value and actual cost to measure performance.
الذكاء العاطفي Emotional Intelligence
The ability to recognize and manage your own and others' emotions, and to use that in leading and working with people.
التقدير حتى الإنجاز Estimate to Complete (ETC)
The expected cost of finishing the project's remaining work, often calculated as the estimate at completion minus the actual cost (EAC − AC).
القيمة النقدية المتوقعة Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
A risk's probability multiplied by its financial impact, negative for threats and positive for opportunities; used to compare risks and size the contingency reserve.
المعرفة الصريحة Explicit Knowledge
Knowledge that can be easily written down and shared, such as manuals, procedures, and diagrams.
عقد بسعر ثابت Fixed-Price Contract
A contract where the seller commits to a set price for defined work, so the seller carries the risk of cost overruns.
الفائض الزمني Float (Slack)
How long an activity can be delayed without delaying the project.
القبول الرسمي Formal Acceptance
Documented confirmation from the customer or sponsor that deliverables meet requirements.
التذهيب Gold Plating
Adding features or work the customer didn't ask for, which uses time and money and adds risk.
الدرجة Grade
The level of features of a product with the same use; different from quality.
هجين Hybrid
An approach combining elements of predictive and agile methods.
عائق Impediment
Anything that blocks an agile team's progress; the team tries to solve it first, and the servant leader removes what they can't.
المشعّ المعلوماتي Information Radiator
A large, visible display of project status, such as a task board or burndown chart, that everyone can see without asking.
مشكلة Issue
Something that has already happened, affects the project, and needs resolving.
مخاطرة الشخص الرئيسي Key Person Risk
The risk that an important part of the work depends on just one person and stops if they are absent or leave; reduced through pairing, documentation, and rotation.
الدروس المستفادة Lessons Learned
Knowledge gained during the project to improve future projects.
احتياطي الإدارة Management Reserve
Money held outside the cost baseline for unforeseen events, controlled by management and used only with its approval.
الإرشاد Mentoring
A long-term relationship in which an experienced person shares experience and advice to support another person's growth and career.
معلم رئيسي Milestone
A significant point or event in the project with zero duration, such as design approval.
الحد الأدنى من المنتج القابل للتطبيق Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
The smallest version of a product that lets you test an idea with real users and learn from them.
ترتيب الأولويات بأسلوب موسكو MoSCoW Prioritization
Sorting requirements into Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have this time.
إدارة التغيير المؤسسي Organizational Change Management
An organized effort to help people adopt the new ways of working a project brings, so its benefits are realized.
بوابة المرحلة Phase Gate
A review at the end of a phase where the decision is made to continue, adjust, or stop the project.
دورة خطّط - نفّذ - افحص - تصرّف Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)
A repeating improvement cycle: plan a change, try it on a small scale, check the results, then adopt or adjust it.
تخطيط البوكر Planning Poker
A team estimating technique where everyone reveals their estimate at once, then discusses.
محفظة Portfolio
All the projects, programs and work an organization selects and manages together to meet its strategic goals.
تنبؤي (الشلال) Predictive (Waterfall)
An approach where the project is fully planned upfront and executed in sequence.
قائمة المنتج Product Backlog
A prioritized list of everything the product needs, managed by the Product Owner.
برنامج Program
A group of related projects managed together to achieve benefits not available from managing them separately.
مشروع Project
A temporary endeavor to create a unique product, service, or result.
ميثاق المشروع Project Charter
A document that formally authorizes the project and gives the project manager authority to use resources.
حوكمة المشروع Project Governance
The framework defining who makes project decisions, how, and when matters are escalated.
مكتب إدارة المشاريع Project Management Office (PMO)
A unit that standardizes, supports and reports on project management; it can be supportive, controlling or directive.
ضمان الجودة Quality Assurance (QA)
Activities focused on improving processes to prevent defects.
ضبط الجودة Quality Control (QC)
Inspecting outputs to confirm they meet standards and to find defects.
مصفوفة RACI RACI Chart
A table showing, for each activity, who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted and Informed, with only one Accountable person per activity.
تسوية الموارد Resource Leveling
Adjusting activity dates to fix over-allocated resources, which may push out the project end date.
العائد على الاستثمار Return on Investment (ROI)
A measure of what we gain compared with what we spent on the project.
خطر Risk
An uncertain event that, if it occurs, has a negative or positive effect on project objectives.
شهية المخاطر Risk Appetite
How much uncertainty an organization or stakeholder is willing to accept in return for the expected reward.
سجل المخاطر Risk Register
A document recording identified risks, their analysis, and response plans.
تحليل السبب الجذري Root Cause Analysis
Finding the underlying cause of a problem rather than its symptom, using tools such as the 5 whys and the fishbone diagram, so it doesn't come back.
النطاق Scope
The sum of the products, services, and results the project will deliver.
زحف النطاق Scope Creep
Uncontrolled expansion of scope without adjusting time, cost, and resources.
القيادة الخادمة Servant Leadership
A leadership style focused on serving and empowering the team and removing obstacles.
راعي المشروع Sponsor
The person or group that provides resources and support for the project and is accountable for its success.
سبرنت Sprint
A fixed-length Scrum cycle (usually 1–4 weeks) that produces a usable increment.
صاحب مصلحة Stakeholder
Any individual or group that affects or is affected by the project.
مصفوفة تقييم إشراك أصحاب المصلحة Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix
A table comparing each stakeholder's current and desired engagement level (unaware, resistant, neutral, supportive, leading) to spot the gap and plan how to close it.
الانحراف المعياري (PERT) Standard Deviation (PERT)
A measure of the uncertainty in a three-point estimate, calculated as (pessimistic − optimistic) ÷ 6; the larger it is, the less certain the estimate.
بيان العمل Statement of Work (SOW)
A clear description of the work or product the seller must deliver, used for their proposal and as the basis of the contract.
نقاط القصة Story Points
A relative unit for sizing work that combines effort, complexity, and uncertainty.
المعرفة الضمنية Tacit Knowledge
Personal know-how in people's heads that is hard to write down, such as intuition and practical skill, passed on by working together and shadowing.
ميثاق الفريق Team Charter
A document the team creates to set its values and working agreements, such as communication tools, response times, and how decisions are made.
مؤشر الأداء المطلوب للإنجاز To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI)
The cost efficiency the remaining work must achieve to finish within budget: (BAC − EV) ÷ (BAC − AC); above 1 means better-than-planned performance is needed.
قصة المستخدم User Story
A short description of a need from the user's point of view: As a… I want… so that…
الانحراف عند الإنجاز Variance at Completion (VAC)
The expected gap between the original budget and the final cost (BAC − EAC); a negative value means the project will overrun its budget.
السرعة Velocity
Total points of stories fully completed in a sprint, used for planning, not comparison.
الفريق الافتراضي Virtual Team
A team whose members work toward a shared goal from different locations, communicating mostly through technology.
بيان الرؤية Vision Statement
One or two short sentences describing who benefits from the project or product and what value they will get, without naming the technology or the plan.
حد العمل الجاري WIP Limit
The maximum number of items allowed in one stage of the workflow.
هيكل تجزئة العمل Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
A hierarchical breakdown of all project work into smaller, manageable parts.
حزمة عمل Work Package
The lowest level of the WBS, which can be estimated, scheduled, and assigned.
No results.